The history of the automobile began in the 19. Century. With the 20. In the nineteenth century, motorized carriages increasingly replaced draught-animal-drawn vehicles in almost every sector of the economy. Technically, the history of the car underwent several changes.
The history of the automobile began in 19. Century. With the 20. In the nineteenth century, motorized carriages increasingly replaced draught-animal-drawn carriages in almost every sector of the economy. Technically, the history of the automobile underwent several changes.
In 1900, 40 percent of automobiles in the u.s. were powered by steam, 38 percent by electricity, and only 22 percent by gasoline.
In the middle of the 20th century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, practically all cars in the world ran on an internal combustion fuel. At the beginning of the 21. electric drives are playing an increasing role again in the twenty-first century.
In this article you will learn more about the development and history of the automobile.
the history of the automobile from antiquity to the 18th century. Century
With the technical developments, which were continued up to the automobile, became around 4000 v. Chr. Started. At that time the wheel was invented. Where today’s automobile has its true origin is disputed. Recent research assumes that it was invented on the territory of present-day germany. Around 400 b. Chr. Were the treadwheels of hellenic siege towers powered by muscle power?. 300 v. Chr. Was the carriage of demetrios of phaleron carried by people.
In the roman empire, the wagon, today’s automobile, was also already known. This was operated inside by slaves by muscle power. a medieval monk and scholar, roger bacon, was the first to speak of a self-propelled mobile, as he envisioned it: "one day you will be able to build carts that move and stay in motion without being pushed or pulled by any animal." around 1447 muscle-powered cars appeared within germany.
in 1490, leonardo da vinci drew a vehicle that resembles an armored car. Simon stevin, a mathematician from the netherlands, built a wheeled sailing car in 1600. This car, powered by wind energy, was able to carry 30 people. in 1649, the blacksmith hans hautsch from nuremberg apparently made the breakthrough to automobility. His van had four wheels and could travel 1.6 km per hour by itself.
25 years later, a design with a powder drive followed from a physicist, christiaan huygens, also from the netherlands. Huygens is considered the pioneer of the internal combustion engine. This was an explosion engine that was powered by gunpowder as fuel. At the end of the 18th century. At the beginning of the twentieth century the russian kulibin designed a samohyb. About 100 years later, this concept was used in the first automobiles as a basic design with band brakes, chassis, transmission housing, flywheel and rolling bearings.
Cars powered by steam
In 1680, the english physicist isaac newton presented the concept of a steam-powered car. Ten years later, the frenchman denis papin was able to produce a high-pressure steam engine by means of piston propulsion. Thomas newcomen, an englishman, developed this steam engine around 1712.
The steam was generated outside the cylinder. in 1768 new changes were made by a scottish physicist james watt. Watt is considered the inventor of the direct steam engine. in 1769, nicholas cugnot built a three-wheeled steam carriage for the french army.
the car had two cylinders, the piston rods of which moved the front wheel via a freewheel gearbox. Originally, this design was the work of the russian inventor polsunov. Cugnot’s steam car could reach a speed of between 3 and 5 km per hour.
Ingenious invention
Until 1886, there were hardly any opportunities to cover distances beyond a day’s walk. At that time, there was only one means of transport, the carriage. In 1886, however, something was invented in mannheim that was to change the entire world in the future: the inventor and engineer karl benz invented the automobile.
Karl benz had the brilliant idea of building the internal combustion engine just invented by nikolaus otto onto a carriage with three wheels. With the wife of the inventor of the motor carriage, bertha benz, began exactly on 03. July 1886 the era of the automobile.
On that day, bertha benz took her car for a spin from mannheim to pforzheim. Arriving in wiesloch, it ran out of gasoline. At that time, gas stations did not yet exist. Gasoline was sold in the pharmacy. Thus, the first gas station in the world was established in the town pharmacy in wiesloch.
How the automobile got its name
The woman’s name mercedes actually comes from the spanish language, it meant something like grace. In modern times, the meaning of mercedes is synonymous with a brand of car. Emil jellinek, an austrian citizen, registered his racing car at the time under the name of his daughter, who was called mercedes.
Shortly afterwards, the woman’s name became the name for the automobile. Until then, the automobile was known as the daimler motor carriage. All vehicles of the following generation were given the name daimler-mercedes, which caused jellinek’s enthusiasm.
The engine of the first car delivered to jellinek had the power of 35 horses. This was developed by the then chief designer of DMG wilhelm maybach. From today’s point of view it was the first modern automobile. This is due to the fact that his low center of gravity was based on a pressed steel frame and a relatively powerful engine. The automobile was very attractive from the outside, so that it later became the industry standard.
History of the automobile in the 19th century. Century
In the 19. Several steam-powered automobiles were built in the 19th century. Many experiments by inventors and engineers with sail and muscle cars took place within europe. In 1801, richard trevithick, an englishman, designed a steam-powered carriage called the puffing devil that could carry people uphill at 8 kilometers per hour.
a year later, swiss isaac de rivaz developed the first car that could travel 26 m by means of an internal combustion engine. Trevithick was able to develop a self-propelled vehicle in 1803, which was in principle a stagecoach equipped with a steam engine. However, as this vehicle was more expensive than a horse-drawn carriage, it was not able to gain acceptance. As early as 1828, a shuttle service was established with the help of a steam bus.
a year later, the steam car developed by walter hancock came into use for private use. At the beginning of the 20. at the beginning of the 20th century a steam truck – the sentinel – came up. In 1839, the first electric vehicle was built by robert anderson in aberdeen. the frenchman etienne lenoir patented his gas engine in 1860. Eight years later, the first bicycle powered by a steam engine came from the french M. Perreaux and P. Michaux on.
the german christian reithmann patented his four-stroke engine in 1860. After a further ten years, the german-austrian siegfried marcus undertook driving trials in vienna with a direct-acting, compression-free two-stroke engine. This he had mounted on a simple handcart. In 1876, deutz AG began manufacturing four-stroke engines.
automobiles at the end of the 19th century. century
in 1886, the development of today’s automobile took a major step forward. Carl benz built his tricycle in 1885 and was able to apply for a patent for his motor car in january 1886. This was the birth of the modern automobile. Independently of this, other vehicles were built in stuttgart by gottlieb daumler, which was later renamed daimler, and by siegfried marcus and wilhelm maybach from vienna.
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the first german electric car was built in 1888 by maschinenfabrik A. flakes from coburg. at about the same time, the russians jablochkov and romanov designed the first car with an electric motor. The first automobile factories were founded around 1891 in europe and the USA, for example peugeot was founded in france. Rudolf diesel received his patent for a new rational heat engine with a higher efficiency in 1892.
in 1895, the first gasoline-powered omnibus was able to start operation in netphen. Based on his experience with the heilmann locomotive, jean-jacques heilmann from france developed the steam-electric car in 1899. The first speed record was set one year earlier with the electric car of gaston de chasseloup-laubat with 63.14 km per hour.
Until 1964, other records were only recognized for vehicles powered by wheels. The car manufacturer graf& stift from austria was able to produce a front wheel drive car in 1898, for which he received a patent in 1900. After one year, camille jenatzy achieved a speed of over 100 km per hour for the first time with his electric car. With the beginning of the 20. At the beginning of the twentieth century, automobiles were able to displace horse-drawn vehicles.
This article was written by autoteilexxl.De provided.
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