Syria conflict: a war changes the world

Syria conflict A war is changing the world

A Free Syrian Army soldier stands on a tank. The opposition group has been fighting the Bashar al-Assad regime for more than five years.

Beirut They were children when they walked through the streets of Daraa armed with a spray can in spring 2011. They stopped in front of a wall and sprayed: "You looted the country, Assad – now it’s your turn." Nobody knew what the consequences of this lettering should be. Because what follows are arrests by the secret service, torture, ill-treatment.

A senior official said to the children’s parents: "Forget these children, make new ones." The parents made the statements public – and they spread like wildfire. She was the one trigger a conflict that first plunged Syria into a civil war, then a region into humanitarian chaos, and finally mixed up the world political power structure. Five aspects that show how conflict changes the world:

Rise of the terrorist militia Islamic State

In the power vacuum of the conflict in Syria, a little-known, extremely violent spin-off from Al Qaeda rose to become the predominant terror militia. In 2014 the terrorist militia Islamic State (IS) took over the northern Syrian city of Rakka and subsequently conquered Mosul in northern Iraq. Eventually, the terrorist militia ruled an area the size of Great Britain on both sides of the border, where it gained control over weapons, assets and people.

The so-called Islamic State emerged from an offshoot of the al-Qaeda terror network. In the 2003 Iraq war, the group fought against the US Army, and in 2013 they expanded. As an "Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (Isis)" it intervened in the Syrian civil war. It grew stronger and fought power struggles with other Islamists, including Al Qaeda. In conquered areas in Syria and Iraq, the jihadists – now as the Islamic State (IS) – proclaimed a caliphate in which they act brutally against opponents. Jihadists in others countries swore their allegiance to IS. For some time now, the terrorist militia has also carried out attacks outside of Syria and Iraq.

The Egyptian organization is one of the groups that have joined IS. Since the end of 2014, Ansar Beit al-Makdis ("Supporter of Jerusalem") has been calling itself the "Sinai Province" of IS. According to the Egyptian Ministry of Interior, the cell has around 2,000 fighters. The Islamist force carries out attacks primarily on the Sinai Peninsula and in Cairo.

The radical Islamic Taliban, who fell in Kabul in 2001, continue to exert influence in large parts of Afghanistan. Since the end of the NATO combat mission, the Afghan leadership has been making increasing efforts to hold peace talks with them. The Taliban continue to carry out devastating attacks in all parts of the country and take over areas. Pakistan’s border area with Afghanistan is a retreat for the Taliban and Al Qaeda. There are groups like the Tehrik-E-Taliban Pakisten (TTP) or the Haqqani-network active. The Laschkar-E-Taiba group (“Army of the Pure”) also operates from Pakistan on the subcontinent.

In 1988, jihadists founded the Al Qaeda terrorist network (“The Base”) in Afghanistan. Its attacks later targeted the United States and Western Europe. After the attacks on September 11, 2001, Al Qaeda chief Osama bin Laden was the most wanted terrorist in the world until his death. In 2011, a US special forces unit killed bin Laden in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Since 2001, the terror network has increasingly focused on regionalization.

Al Qaeda offshoots, which operate largely independently, include Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula / AQAP), which emerged in 2008 from the union of the Yemeni branch with the Saudi Arabian branch. The terrorist group has carried out attacks repeatedly for years. Stéphane Charbonnier, editor-in-chief of the satirical magazine "Charlie Hebdo", murdered in January 2015, was on a "wanted list" of the "Inspire" jihad magazine, which is published by AQAP. The US regularly attacks the group’s camps with drones in Yemen.

The originally Algerian group Alk-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQMI) tries to destabilize Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, Niger and Mali through attacks and kidnappings. It also has retreat areas in Libya. The Libyan organization Ansar al-Sharia ("supporter of Islamic law") also carries out attacks in Tunisia.

Followers of the group occupied northern Mali together with Tuareg rebels in 2012. It is said to have links to Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Many people with a Western lifestyle fell victim to the terror regime of the Ansar Dine. French and African troops largely drove the extremists out of the region. Battles and attacks on security forces continue to occur in Mali.

The Islamist terrorist group is waging a bloody campaign to establish a so-called God-state in Nigeria. Boko Haram means something like: "Western education is forbidden". The Sunni jihadists are held responsible for many attacks and attacks. It has been estimated that more than 14,000 people have been killed since 2009. The self-proclaimed “warriors of God” control parts of northeastern Nigeria and also try to conquer areas in the neighboring countries of Cameroon and Niger. The group swore allegiance to the IS militia.

The radical militia spreads fear in Somalia and also carries out attacks in neighboring countries such as Kenya. Government troops and soldiers from the African Union drove the extremists out of the capital Mogadishu in 2011, but Al-Shabaab still dominates large parts of central and southern Somalia. The organization has links to the Al Qaeda terror network and cooperates with the extremists at Boko Haram in Nigeria.

The terrorist group founded by Indonesians in Malaysia in the early 1990s has so far been active in Indonesia, Malaysia and the southern Philippines. It wants to build a caliphate in Southeast Asia and is close to Al Qaeda. In 2002, Jemaah Islamiya terrorists killed 202 people, including more than 150 foreign tourists, in a bomb attack on the Indonesian holiday island of Bali. Further attacks followed.

The Syrian government had nothing to counter the spread of IS, as its forces were tied to fight opposition groups in the more populous areas of the Mediterranean.

IS spreads fear in the region – and worldwide. He acts brutally against minorities, systematically abuses women as sex slaves, has defeated regular state troops and turns the killing of opponents into a public spectacle. It has destroyed world heritage sites such as the ancient oasis city of Palmyra and is fueling the illegal trade in cultural treasures.

IS has carried out terrorist attacks from France to Yemen and has built another pillar in northern Libya that could outlast the so-called caliphate in Syria and Iraq. And he has attracted thousands of young men and women from Europe who have joined him.

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Christina Cherry
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